Prison Phone Justice

Law Enforcement Reference Guide

WELCOME TO VOICESTREAM!

Dear Law Enforcement Professional,
VoiceStream Wireless Corporation unifies the wonders of modern wireless communications
into a single, economical and convenient system that is light years ahead of wireline and traditional
cellular technologies. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology deployed
by VoiceStream is currently available in over 144 countries throughout the world. This wireless
telecommunications standard incorporates sophisticated encryption algorithms and other
advanced technical attributes that ensure unsurpassed privacy and virtually eliminate fraud due to
“cloning.” VoiceStream recognizes that these features, while highly prized by our customers, can
complicate the varied strategies used by criminal investigators. Indeed, these characteristics
highlight the need for law enforcement/carrier cooperation.
VoiceStream is committed to efficiently assisting the law enforcement community with all
lawfully authorized activities. Our Law Enforcement Relations Group is staffed by personnel who
are well-acquainted with the technical and evidentiary needs of federal, state and local
prosecutors and investigative officers. The unit maintains a proactive philosophy by offering
educational presentations, reference materials and expedient, secure procedures that support the
mission of the public safety community in an unparalleled fashion. As an example, this Law
Enforcement Reference has been designed to clarify those elements of VoiceStream’s services
that are of greatest interest to law enforcement practitioners.
If you have any questions related to this guide or the services available to the law enforcement
community, please contact VoiceStream’s Law Enforcement Relations Group at (973) 872-5711.
Sincerely,

MICHAEL S. MCADOO
Manager, LER Group

VoiceStream Law Enforcement Relations Group – 12/01/00

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NOTICE
The information contained in this reference guide is of a sensitive
nature. Distribution is restricted to bona-fide law enforcement
personnel strictly in support of their official duties.

 2000 VoiceStream Wireless Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA.
VoiceStream is a registered trademark of VoiceStream Corporation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ….……………………………………..……………………………………….. 5
GSM Terminology…………………………………………………………………………… 7
Introduction
Essential GSM Terms
Subpoena Procedure……………………………………………………………………….. 9
General Subpoena Information
Procedure - Service via Facsimile (Fax)
Procedure - Personal Service
Procedure - Service via U.S. Mail or Express Delivery
VoiceStream Responses
Disclosure
Subscriber Information…………………………………………………………………..…. 11
Available Subscriber Information
Statutory Limitations
Suggested Subpoena Composition
Inquiry Based on Mobile Number (MSISDN)
Inquiry Based on Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Serial Number
Inquiry Based on International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
Inquiry Based on International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI)
Call Detail Records………………………………………………………………………… 13
Available Call Detail Record Information
Availability of Call Detail Records
Suggested Subpoena Composition
Most Recent Call Detail Records
Subscriber Information and Specific Call Detail Records
Pen Register Operations…………………………………………………………………… 19
General Capabilities
Geographic Provisioning
Delivery of Pen Register Information
Sample Report
Suggested Wording for Pen Register Order
Intercept Operations……………………………………………………………………… 22
General Capabilities Geographic Provisioning
Delivery of Call Content
Testing
Suggested Wording for Intercept Order
Voicemail Orders…………………………………………………………………………… 24
Voicemail Features
Cloning Capabilities - Voicemail Messages
Cloning Capabilities - Fax Messages
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Verbiage for Court Orders
Implementation
Prepays and “Hotlines”…………………………………………………………………….
Subscriber Accounts: The “Prepay” Class
The “Hotline”
Court Orders and “Hotlines”
Payment Methods and Prepay Coupons
Refund Policy
Caution is Urged

26

Calls to Destination…………………………………………………………………………. 28
Introduction
Search Criteria
Search Results
Suggested Verbiage for Subpoena/Court Order
Fee Schedule
Limitations
Sample Billing Information Form
Frequently Asked Questions………………………………………………………………. 32
Subscriber Records
Call Detail Records
Handsets
Prepay Subscribers
“Hotlines”
Voicemail
Roaming
Security
Miscellaneous
Fees for Services…………………………………………………………………………… 36
Supplemental References………………………………………………………………… 37
Publications
Internet Websites

1.0 INTRODUCTION
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VoiceStream is an industry leader in a revolutionary new concept called PCS - Personal
Communications Services. PCS means a whole new network and new advanced handset
technology with amazing capabilities - combining the services of an answering machine, pager,
fax and e-mail into one. PCS avoids the high costs and service limitations of existing cellular
technology. In fact, the federal government authorized the new frequencies for PCS networks to
generate increased competition in wireless communications networks and promote lower-cost,
higher quality service.
GSM - the Global System for Mobile communications - is the world’s leading digital wireless
standard, already being used by nearly 290 million people in nearly 144 countries. GSM offers
users unparalleled features and privacy.
VoiceStream is working with leading manufacturers to provide a wide choice of GSM handsets,
including Ericsson, Motorola, Mitsubishi, and Nokia. Currently, there are 12 active GSM networks
throughout North America. Because GSM is used throughout the world, VoiceStream customers
are able to roam in Europe and parts of Asia.
With most phones, you can only make or receive voice calls. That’s it. Some may offer a few
features, like Call Waiting or Call Forwarding. But VoiceStream gives you a host of convenient
features that add efficiency and productivity.
We’ve bundled our features into affordable packages to meet today’s communications needs.
Advanced features include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Answering Machine
Numeric Paging
Short e-mail
Information Services - Handset Delivered
Alphanumeric Paging
Caller ID
Call Waiting
Call Forwarding
Voice Dial
Call Restriction
Group Voice Mail & Intelligent Voice Mail
Data and Fax Transfer
Fax Mail
Global Roaming
Direct-Dial International Calling

Put simply, we’re revolutionizing wireless communication by providing an advanced, completely
digital, wireless service that is light years ahead of traditional cellular technology.

2.0 GSM TERMINOLOGY

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2.1 Introduction
Wireless carriers deploying the Global System for Mobil communications (GSM) technology
refer to a common set of acronyms and identifiers. Many terms commonly used in the
conventional analog (AMPS) environment have no equivalent in GSM networks. When investigative
information is sought from VoiceStream, use of the correct terminology is critical.
2.2 Essential GSM Terms
IMSI
pronounced
“im'-zee”

International Mobile Subscriber Identity Number
The only identifier uniquely associated with a wireless subscriber in the
international GSM environment. The 15-digit number contains components
which identify the Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC)
and Mobile Subscriber Identity Number (MSIN).
Example: 310160215031658
310
160

MSISDN
pronounced
“mizz’-den”

= Mobile Country Code (USA)
= Mobile Network Code (VoiceStream)
215031658 = Mobile Subscriber Identity Number

Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network
The mobile telephone number assigned to a GSM subscriber by the home
carrier. In the United States the MSISDN adheres to the North American
Numbering Plan; a 10-digit number including an area code (NPA), exchange
(NXX) and four final digits.
Example: (201) 757-2911
Outside of the United States the MSISDN usually conforms to the numbering
plan utilized in the “home” country. For example, the mobile telephone number
of a GSM subscriber in Berlin, Germany might be: 30-872121.

SIM Card

Subscriber Identity Module Card
Generally, a SIM card must be installed in a GSM handset in order to facilitate
wireless calls. The SIM card electronically stores data related to the
subscriber, including the IMSI, option settings, “speed dial” list and PIN codes.
GSM handsets are designed to accept SIM cards in one of two standard
sizes. The full-size SIM is similar in size to that of a credit card. The mini or
“plug-in” SIM card measures approximately 1” x ½” and is simply a punchedout portion of a full-size SIM card. Both are identical in terms of the
information stored within the card.

SIM Card
(continued)

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Plug-in SIM (rear)

Plug-in SIM (front)

A SIM serial number may appear on either size card

IMEI
pronounced
“eye'-me”

International Mobile Equipment Identifier
The only identifier uniquely associated with a handset in the international GSM
environment. The 15-digit number contains components which identify the
Type Approval Code (TAC), Final Assembly Code (FAC), Serial Number
(SNR) and a single, spare digit. The IMEI generally appears on a sticker on
the handset and is electronically stored within the firmware of the handset.
Example: 010008521959410 or 010008-52-195941-0
Note: On many GSM handsets the IMEI can be displayed by pressing the
following keypad sequence: * # 0 6 #
If the source of an IMEI is a VoiceStream handset, it may be possible to
identify the first VoiceStream subscriber account associated with that
handset.

Ericsson RF380 WAP-Enabled Handset

3.0 SUBPOENA PROCEDURE
3.1 General Subpoena Information
VoiceStream Wireless Corporation has established procedures for expeditiously
accommodating subpoenas and/or court orders served by law enforcement and other authorized
governmental agencies.
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Subpoenas for subscriber identifying information or call detail records which may be demanded
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §2703 (and/or applicable state statute) are processed by the Law
Enforcement Relations Group. This group processes subpoena responses for all VoiceStream
market areas (including the former market areas covered by Omnipoint Communications Inc. and
Aerial Communications) and the area served by our joint venture with D&E Communications;
“PCS One.”
Our procedures minimize the number of persons involved in response preparation and ensure
prompt compliance. Under normal circumstances VoiceStream returns the subpoenaed
information within fifteen (15) business days. Requests for historical call detail records (those
over three (3) months old), require significantly greater retrieval and preparation time.
3.2 Procedure - Service via Facsimile (Fax)
VoiceStream does not require “in-person” or documented service of court orders or subpoenas
upon a designated employee or corporate representative. There is no requirement for an original
or “hard copy” document to follow via regular mail. That option is left to the discretion of the
investigative or judicial agency. VoiceStream will honor valid subpoenas and/or court orders
which are delivered to the Law Enforcement Relations Group via facsimile transmission. When
deemed necessary, a member of the Law Enforcement Relations Group will confirm the validity of
an informational request before a response is prepared.
Fax all subpoenas or court orders for VoiceStream East and Central markets to:
(973) 872-5729.
Fax all subpoenas or court orders for VoiceStream West markets to: (425) 378-6050
VS West markets are: Arizona, Colorado, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas,
Maryland, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming.
VS East markets are: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine,
Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island.
VS Central markets are: Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Texas, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.

3.3 Procedure - Personal Service
Agencies within some jurisdictions employ the personal service of subpoenas and court orders
upon a respondent. VoiceStream discourages this practice as it delays the response and
unnecessarily discloses sensitive information to additional persons. However, to accommodate
those instances in which personal service is required, VoiceStream has designated numerous
“points of service” where subpoenas can be served. There is at least one point of service within
each state in which VoiceStream wireless services are commercially available.
For the location of the nearest VoiceStream “point of service” call (973) 872-5711.
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3.4 Procedure - Service via U.S. Mail or Express Delivery
Subpoenas and court orders may also be sent, via the United States Postal Service,
commercial express delivery services, or couriers to:
VoiceStream Wireless Corp.
Attn: Law Enforcement Relations Group
360 Newark-Pompton Tpke
Wayne, NJ 07470

3.5 VoiceStream Responses
Most subscriber identifying information reports and call detail records are returned to the
requesting authority via facsimile. In the event that the data is voluminous (e.g. in excess of thirty
pages) the response will be sent by US mail or express delivery services as required.
3.6 Disclosure
Records documenting the receipt and response to subpoenas and court orders are maintained
by the Law Enforcement Relations Group in a secure manner. VoiceStream does not enter
inquiries and/or court order information into the VoiceStream subscriber database or billing
system. It is unnecessary to periodically request that VoiceStream maintain the confidentiality of
subpoena requests .
As a matter of general business practice, members of the VoiceStream Law Enforcement
Relations Group will neither confirm nor deny the existence of subpoena history to an inquiring
subscriber. Should VoiceStream be served with a civil subpoena for the disclosure of such
information, VoiceStream will promptly contact the affected investigative agency. Efforts to quash
the subpoena can be subsequently considered.

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4.0 SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION

Available Subscriber Information

4.1 Available Subscriber Information
Federal law (18 U.S.C. §2703) specifies four categories of subscriber information that telecommunications carriers may disclose in response to subpoenas from the law enforcement
community. In compliance with this mandate, VoiceStream will provide, upon receipt of a valid
subpoena from an appropriate authority, the following general subscriber information:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Mobile Telephone Number (MSISDN)
Account Number
Account Type
Subscriber Account Name (or “Screen Name”)*
Billing Address*
Subscriber’s Social Security Number*
Subscriber’s Date of Birth*
“Can Be Reached” (CBR) Numbers*
• Home telephone number
• Work telephone number
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
Date Account Established
*as provided by the subscriber

4.2 Statutory Limitations
Statutes in some states are more restrictive and preclude the release of certain categories of
information by subpoena. In some states (e.g. New Jersey) a Court Order is required to authorize
the release of any subscriber information. VoiceStream’s response will always be governed by
the prevailing federal or state statute.
4.3 Suggested Subpoena Composition
Ideally, a subpoena will (1) clearly provide the criteria upon which a search for subscriber
information will be based, and (2) specify the identification being sought. Since terms used in
different communications technologies are not interchangeable, the misapplication of terms within
a subpoena may obscure the search criteria from a legal or practical standpoint. This could delay
a response or result in the rejection of the subpoena as deficient. For example, the term “Mobile
Identification Number” (or “MIN”) is not applicable in the GSM technology deployed by
VoiceStream, so a subpoena using this term will be rejected.
Sample text on the following page will assist agencies in the proper composition of the most
common types of subpoenas for subscriber identification information.

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4.3.1 Inquiry Based on Mobile Number (MSISDN)
The most frequent request for subscriber identification is based upon a VoiceStream
mobile telephone number, or “MSISDN.” Sample:
“… provide subscriber identification information for the VoiceStream subscriber currently
associated with the mobile telephone number (MSISDN) of [insert area code and telephone
number ].”
4.3.2 Inquiry Based on Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Serial Number
A subscriber information inquiry may also be based upon the serial number imprinted on a
Subscriber Information Module, or “SIM” card. The SIM serial number can be associated
with an International Mobile Subscriber Identity number (IMSI) which is permanently linked
to an individual subscriber. Sample:
“… provide subscriber identification information for the VoiceStream subscriber currently
associated with the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card bearing serial number [insert
SIM card serial number ].”
4.3.3 Inquiry Based on International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
A subscriber information inquiry may be based upon an International Mobile Subscriber
Identity number (IMSI) which is permanently linked to an individual subscriber. This
identifier does not appear on a user’s handset or SIM card. As a result, it is unlikely that a
law enforcement agent will encounter an IMSI during a routine investigation Sample:
“… provide subscriber identification information for the VoiceStream subscriber
currently associated with the International Subscriber Identity Number (IMSI) of
[insert IMSI number].”

4.3.4 Inquiry Based on International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI)
If a GSM handset was originally sold by VoiceStream or an authorized reseller it may be
possible to associate an IMEI (or handset serial number) with the original subscriber. After
the initial sale by VoiceStream, account information is subsequently maintained by a
subscriber’s account number, mobile telephone number (MSISDN) and International

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Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). The handset itself has no permanent association with an
account. It may be interchangeably used by any number of VoiceStream subscribers or, in some
cases, customers of other GSM carriers. As a result, this type of inquiry is not recommended.
Sample:
“… provide subscriber identification information for the VoiceStream subscriber
originally associated with an VoiceStream handset encoded with the International Mobile
Equipment Identifier (IMEI) of [ insert IMEI ].”

QUICK
FACTS

Nokia 8290

Motorola Timeport

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5.0 CALL DETAIL RECORDS
5.1 Available Call Detail Record Information
Itemized records document a subscriber’s incoming and outgoing calls individually and, at a
minimum, provide time, date and duration information. Collectively, these records are known as
“Call Detail Records,” or “CDRs.”

5.2 Format of Call Detail Records
Call detail records are provided in a laser-printed bill image—a reproduction of the actual
invoice received by a VoiceStream customer a few days following the end of the monthly billing
period (Sub-scribers are assigned to a particular billing cycle depending upon the date and the
market in which the account was established)—or in a laser-printed raw billing report generated by
one of several systems used by LER group to access out-of-cycle call data. When CDR data is
required for dates within a completed billing cycle, LER will forward a duplicate invoice or bill
image to the investigative agency. When CDRs are requested for dates falling within multiple
completed billing cycles, multiple bill images will be provided. Bill images may vary slightly,
depending on the system used to process subscriber records in the various VoiceStream
markets .
Page 4

Invoice Date
For Billing Inquiries
Call 1-888-OMNI-611
06, 1999

Account Name

Account Number

RALPH R. JOHNSON

39485

Ž
•
Ê
Ë
Ì
Í

Mar

Details of Usage Charges (201-757-0000)

Œ
•

-7

Line
Charges
21
0.29
22
.87
23
.58
24
.87

Date

Time

Call From

Call To

2-07

2:28P

METRO NY

FAIR LAWN

NJ

201-475-0091

P

1

2-07

3:12P

METRO NY

UNION CITY NJ

201-309-5934

P

3

2-07

3:22P

INCOMING

T

2

2-07

8:39P

*123

T

3

METRO NY

VOICE MAIL

No Called

Call Type Rate Prd

Mobile-originated (outgoing) call within the local calling area during peak calling period.
Mobile call to the subscriber’s voicemail mailbox (*123).
Domestic long distance, mobile-originated calls.
Mobile-terminated (incoming) call.

5.3 Suggested Subpoena Composition
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A subpoena for call detail records should clearly identify (1) the subscriber account number and,
(2) the time period, or “window,” in which call records are being sought. The subscriber account
number is provided in every subscriber information response (see section 4.1). If you have not yet
received the subscriber information and do not have the account number you may combine your
request for the necessary data by specifying the MSISDN. See the sample in section 5.3.2.
As with subscriber identification requests, terms used by other wireless carriers and in other
technologies are incompatible. For example, the phrase “LUDS, MUDS and Tolls” is not applicable
in the VoiceStream environment and should be avoided. Collectively, we refer to the itemization of
calling activities as “Call Detail Records” and strongly suggest that you utilize this term.
The samples which follow will assist agencies in the proper composition of the most common
types of subpoenas for call detail records.
5.3.1

Most Recent Call Detail Records

The most common request focuses on the most recent calls. Such a request may be worded as
follows:
“…provide all call detail records associated with [Acct #] for the period encompassing the last 60
days.”
Assume that today is March 5, 1999, and that the customer’s billing cycle is 12 (covering the 12th
of one month through the 11th of the following month). You will receive:
• A bill image for January 2001 (covering the period December 12, 2000 to
January 11, 2001, with December 12 to January 4 edited out in order to conform
to the relevant timeframe).
• A bill image for February 2001 (covering the period January 12, 2001 to
February 11, 2001)
• An On-Line Call Detail Inquiry raw billing image covering the period February 12,
2001 to March 5, 2001.
5.3.2 Subscriber Information and Specific Call Detail Records
A request for subscriber information and call detail records may be combined into a single,
properly constructed subpoena. Sample:
“… provide subscriber identification information for the VoiceStream subscriber currently
associated with the mobile telephone number (MSISDN) of [insert area code and telephone
number ] and provide call detail records associated with such account for the billing
period(s) encompassing [date ] through [date ].”

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QUICK
FACTS

StarTac 7000

Nokia 9000il

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6.0 PEN REGISTER OPERATIONS
6.1 General Capabilities
With proper authorization, VoiceStream can provide an agency with the call-related data of a
specific subscriber. At a minimum, call-related data includes:
•
•
•

Confirmation of target identity (IMSI or MSISDN)
Date and time of each call or call attempt
Digits dialed to complete the initial call (outgoing calls)

The scope of additional information depends on the type of vendor switching equipment that is
used to process an individual call or call attempt.
6.2 Geographic Provisioning
In order to successfully provision for Pen Register and Intercept Operations, Law Enforcement
must advise VoiceStream of the target's anticipated movement within and between VoiceStream
market areas. This allows VoiceStream to provision the necessary switching facilities, ensuring
seamless coverage should target roam outside his “home” area.
6.3 Delivery of Pen Register Information
As of early 2001, VoiceStream provides for the delivery of target-specific pen register data via
two methods. For most agencies periodic reports are faxed to a specified law enforcement facility
on a regular basis. Agencies engaged in high volume pen register and/or lawful intercept
operations may wish to consider a “direct connect” option. The latter method requires an
investment in equipment, software and a leased-line connection to a secure VoiceStream network
access point. Further information on the direct connect option is made available to Technical
Operations supervisors upon request.
VoiceStream is working toward full implementation of a CALEA-compliant method for delivering
pen-register data to law enforcement. The final design and installation of this system should be
complete by 2nd Quarter, 2001.

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6.4 Sample Report
LER Group - Call-Related Data Report

Œ
•
Ž
•

Target IMSI :
Date

310160123456789
Start

End

Report Window: 04/21/99 8:00AM- 04/25/98 8:00AM
Duration

CT

Dialed Digits/Calling Number

Switch ID

04/21/99

12:13:24 PM 12:13:59 PM 00:00:35

I

2012572912

MSC-01N

04/21/99

12:50:01 PM 12:51:01 PM 00:01:00

O

2012572992

MSC-01N

04/22/99

1:08:00 PM

1:09:14 PM

00:01:14

I

2012572917

MSC-00N

04/23/99

4:50:29 PM

4:50:30 PM

00:00:00

N

9172519999

MSC-02E

04/24/99

11:12:13 PM 11:13:24 PM 00:01:11

O

123

MSC-02E

04/24/99

11:50:33 PM 11:50:34 PM 00:00:00

U

19179179998

MSC-02E

•
‘
’

Call Type (CT) Codes: O=Outgoing I=Incoming U=Outgoing Unanswered N=Incoming Unanswered
Monday, April 26, 1999

Page 1
2017572933

Œ Target’s IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
• Period of time covered by this report
Ž Date, start time and end time of call or call attempt
• Duration of activity
• Type of call or call attempt (see key at bottom of page)
‘ Digits dialed to complete initial call (outgoing call) or
Calling party number, when provided to VoiceStream network (incoming calls)
’ VoiceStream switch identifier
6.5 Suggested Wording for Pen Register Order
A court order directing VoiceStream to provide Pen Register information must be constructed so
as to uniquely identify the target. Keep in mind that, upon the request of a VoiceStream customer,
the mobile telephone number (MSISDN) can easily be changed. Therefore, it is imperative to use
the target’s International Mobile Subscriber Identity number (IMSI), and the mobile telephone
number, as unique target identifiers.
“…Ordered that for a period of [insert duration ] days VoiceStream Wireless Corporation shall
furnish all information, facilities and technical assistance necessary to accomplish the installation
and use of a pen register device which shall; (1) register numbers dialed or pulsed in order to
process outgoing (mobile originating) calls; (2) register source telephone numbers, as available,
associated with incoming (mobile terminating) calls, and (3) register the date, time and duration of
all call activities that are associated with the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of [insert
IMSI ]. This IMSI is currently associated with a mobile telephone number of [insert

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MSISDN ]; however, this Order shall also apply to any other mobile number(s) which may
be associated with this IMSI. Such installation and use shall be conducted in a manner so
as to minimize any interference with the services that are accorded the person(s) to whom
the installation and use is to take place.”

QUICK
FACTS

Ericsson T28 World Phone (GSM 900/1900)

Nokia 8890 World Phone (GSM 900/1800/1900)

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7.0 INTERCEPT OPERATIONS

7.1 General Capabilities
VoiceStream, through the Law Enforcement Relations Group, can provide “Title III” intercept
services in response to an order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction. Essentially, this
service supplements the capabilities of a Pen Register (as detailed in the previous section) with
the delivery of the call content (i.e. conversation) to a designated monitoring facility.
7.2 Geographic Provisioning
In order to successfully provision for Pen Register and Intercept Operations, Law Enforcement
must advise VoiceStream of the target's anticipated movement within and between VoiceStream
market areas. This allows VoiceStream to provision the necessary switching facilities, ensuring
seamless coverage should target roam outside his “home” area.
7.3 Delivery of Call Content
The “content” of an intercept includes audio (“speech”) generated by all participants in the call.
Such conversations are passed, or “bridged,” to the monitoring facility of the law enforcement
agency through the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Call content delivery is “one-way,”
that is, audio that might be generated at the monitoring center cannot be transmitted into the
ongoing conversation of the target.
To support the receipt of the intercepted call content, VoiceStream must be advised of the
assigned ten-digit telephone number, or “C number” at the monitoring facility. Once the affected
switches have been provisioned, all subsequent calls will be bridged to the C number. From an
operational perspective, this means that as a target’s outgoing or incoming call is processed, the
VoiceStream switching equipment instantly generates a simultaneous call to the monitoring
center.
It is the responsibility of the monitoring authority to provide and maintain the PSTN circuit and
any ancillary equipment (i.e. latching relay, recorder interface, recorder, etc.) that may be needed
to support the intercept operation.
7.4 Suggested Wording for Intercept Order
Statutory provisions vary from state to state and often differ from the federal requirements
under Title 18 of the United States Code. Therefore, this guide can only provide generic
language which satisfies the identification elements of intercept orders. Remember that a
pen register or intercept order must be constructed so as to uniquely identify the target.
Since a target’s mobile telephone number (MSISDN) can easily be changed the order must
reflect the target’s International Mobile Subscriber Identity number (IMSI) and mobile
telephone number, as unique target identifiers.
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“…Ordered that for a period of [insert duration ] days VoiceStream Wireless Corporation
shall furnish all information, facilities and technical assistance necessary to surreptitiously
intercept all communication activities that are associated with the International Mobile
Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of [insert IMSI ]. This IMSI is currently associated with a mobile
telephone number of [insert MSISDN ]; however, this Order shall also apply to any other
mobile number(s) which may be associated with this IMSI. Such installation and use shall
be conducted in a manner so as to minimize any interference with the services that are
accorded the person(s) to whom the installation and use is to take place.”

QUICK
FACTS

Ericsson 788

Ericsson R280

8.0 VOICEMAIL ORDERS
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8.1 Voicemail Features
Voicemail is a feature enjoyed by all VoiceStream customers. The scope of voicemail
capabilities varies according to the package to which the customer subscribes -- Basic, or
Optional. However, even the Basic plan includes common “answering machine” capabilities.
Similarly, all subscribers have control over which calls will be directed to their voicemail “mailbox.”
A user can specify:
•
•
•
•

All incoming calls, or
Calls received when the subscriber’s handset is “busy,” and/or
Calls which are unanswered, and/or
Calls received when the subscriber is “unreachable” (out of range or handset turned “off”).

In addition, most handsets support the redirection of individual incoming calls to voicemail after
the user views the “Caller ID” display. This provides an effective means of screening calls.
8.2 Cloning Capabilities - Voicemail Messages
The “cloning” of a subscriber’s voicemail is an investigative tool that may be enabled pursuant to
an appropriate authorization issued by a court of competent jurisdiction. This voicemail
surveillance feature can be applied to any account, surreptitiously duplicating each incoming voice
message left for the targeted subscriber. A twin message is simultaneously deposited in a special
mailbox assigned to the designated investigating agency. Password-controlled access to the
special mailbox supports message retrieval at any time. When used as directed, the targeted
subscriber is given no indication that mailbox activities are being monitored.
8.3 Cloning Capabilities - Fax Messages
For a VoiceStream subscriber with the Optional Feature Package, the mailbox also serves as
the repository for fax messages directed to him. Fax messages may be sent to a subscriber’s
mailbox from any conventional facsimile machine or fax-equipped personal computer. Faxes also
may be forwarded from or to the mailbox of another VoiceStream customer who has the
Advanced Feature Package.
There are three methods by which a fax message, deposited in the mailbox of a VoiceStream
subscriber, may be subsequently retrieved and printed. Stored fax mail may be forwarded, on a
fax-by-fax basis, to a conventional fax device. A subscriber may program a mailbox to
automatically forward all fax messages to a primary or secondary 10-digit telephone number.
Generally, these are numbers of other fax machines or VoiceStream subscribers. Finally, when a
subscriber calls voicemail directly from a fax machine, the stored fax may be “delivered” to that
very device.

When the mailbox of a targeted subscriber is “cloned,” both voicemail messages and fax
messages are duplicated in the mailbox assigned to the investigating agency. However,
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redirecting the cloned fax messages to another fax machine (for printing) will not be enabled
unless the order specifically authorizes the retrieval of fax messages sent to the targeted
subscriber. If this directive is not specifically included, law enforcement agents will only be able to
retrieve targeted voice messages.
8.4 Verbiage for Court Orders
The statutory requirement for intercepting and/or retrieving voicemail and fax messages varies
from state to state. Under federal law (18 U.S.C. §2703), such stored communications may fall
within the scope of “stored electronic communications” so a search warrant authorizing the
repeated access to the stored messages may be required. Consult your legal experts for definitive
advice.
Some fundamental elements should be included in the order regardless of jurisdiction. Here are
some suggestions to consider:
•
•

•

Include the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of the target. For carriers
deploying the GSM technology the IMSI is the only truly unique and permanent identifier
associated with a subscriber account.
Indicate the mobile telephone number currently associated with the target along with “ any
mobile telephone number and voicemail service which may, during the duration of this
Order, be associated with the IMSI [ insert IMSI ]…” This prevents the interruption of
voicemail cloning should a subscriber request a change in their mobile telephone number.
If the order is to encompass fax messages stored within the target’s voicemail mailbox, it
must be specifically authorized. If desired, the order may designate the number of a fax
machine to which the stored messages are to be sent.

8.5 Implementation
Upon service of an appropriate court order, VoiceStream will enable the voicemail surveillance
feature for the specified target and assign a “clone” mailbox to the investigating agency. An
authorized agent accesses the clone mailbox by calling a voicemail access number; the target’s
area code and exchange followed by specified digits (i.e. 6-2-4-5 (M-A-I-L) in the VS East
markets). When prompted, the agent enters a special mailbox ID and password to listen to stored
voice messages (and access fax messages, if so authorized).

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9. PREPAYS AND “HOTLINES”

9.1 Subscriber Accounts: The “Prepay” Class
The “Prepay” account class is often selected by people who have a limited credit history, do not
want to overextend their present credit indebtedness, or simply wish to keep better control of their
communications expenses. This type of subscriber account may be established with an initial
payment of $50.00 and maintained with subsequent payments of $10.00 or more. Charges for the
selected monthly feature package, as well as the cost of calls and supplemental services, are
applied against the subscriber’s running credit balance.
When the credit balance of a prepay subscriber’s account drops to a specified level, a short text
message is sent to the handset. Payments can easily be made in various forms; credit card,
cash, check, money order or Prepay Coupons available through VoiceStream retailers.
Due to the “cash-up-front” nature of Prepay accounts, subscriber identifying data is not as
detailed as on post-pay accounts. In many cases, while subscribers are urged to provide name
and contact numbers, many choose to provide only the minimum requirement, a date of birth. At
a minimum, our response to subpoenas requesting information on a Prepay account will include
MSISDN, IMSI, date of activation, and—if applicable—date of termination. Call detail records are
available from Prepay accounts.
9.2 Suspension of Prepay Accounts
Should the balance of a prepay subscriber be exhausted, service is temporarily suspended.
This suspension can occur even during an active call. All subsequent outgoing call attempts are
routed to the VoiceStream Customer Care Center and incoming calls are met with a recorded
announcement. Suspension is an automated function which cannot be disabled on an individual
subscriber basis. Within minutes from the time that an adequate payment is made, restrictions
will be removed and normal incoming and outgoing services will be restored.
9.3 Court Orders and Prepay Suspension
While court-ordered “pen register” or intercept activities are underway, it may be desirable to
ensure that the wireless services of the target are not interrupted. From an investigative
perspective it’s important to understand how the automatic suspension procedure can be avoided
(or removed) by applying a coupon payment to the account of the targeted subscriber. The case
officer or agent must carefully consider how this action might jeopardize an ongoing investigation.
The decision as to whether or not to apply an anonymous coupon payment, as well as the actual
coupon payment process itself, rests solely with the law enforcement agency.

9.4 Payment Methods and Prepay Coupons
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A subscriber may make a deposit to his account in a variety of ways: he can visit a VoiceStream
store and make a payment by credit card, cash or check, or he can call the VoiceStream
Customer Care Center and make a credit card payment , but only if the name on the credit card
matches the name on the subscriber’s account. Cash payments may also be made via Western
Union. Another flexible option, especially well-suited for an anonymous credit, is the prepay
coupon.
Prepay coupons may be purchased at VoiceStream retail stores and at many authorized
retailers by credit card, cash or check. They are available in denominations of $10.00, $25.00,
$50.00, $100.00, and $200.00. An agency may wish to keep a number of non-expiring coupons on
hand so that they can be applied to an account expeditiously.
A prepay coupon may be applied, in an anonymous fashion, to the account of any VoiceStream
subscriber. The following procedure will result in the application of a credit, in the face amount of
the coupon, within approximately three hours:
•

Call the VoiceStream Customer Care Center at (888) OMNI-611. Ignore the menu system;
you will be connected to a Customer Care Representative.

•

Provide the following information: (1) the subscriber’s name and handset phone number,
(2) the “Coupon Number” printed on the face of the coupon, and (3) the “Serial Number”
printed on the back of the coupon. Suggestion: Indicate that you are “giving a gift to a
friend.”

9.5 Refund Policy
All payments, including prepay coupons that may be utilized by a law enforcement agency,
become an “asset” of the subscriber’s account. As such, subsequent refunds cannot be made to
a third party. If an account has a credit balance when it is permanently closed only the subscriber
of record may apply for a refund for the remaining balance.
9.6 Caution is Urged
It is important to note that account adjustments, including coupon payments, are reflected in the
subscriber’s account record. It is not possible to suppress the inclusion of this information in the
account record or on the monthly statement, so if a subscriber calls our Customer Care Center
and inquires about his account, the Prepay Coupon credit may be disclosed. However, the
subscriber record does not identify the purchaser of the prepay coupon.
Please consider these facts and the potential impact that the disclosure of unexpected coupon
payments may have on the investigation. In some cases, it may be preferable to avoid any
manipulation of the target’s account.

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10.0 Calls
to Destination
10. CALLS
TO DESTINATION

10.1 Introduction
VoiceStream Wireless Corporation makes available a “Calls to Destination” search capability as
an investigative tool for the law enforcement community. This function itemizes calls processed
by the VoiceStream network made to a telephone number provided by the investigating agency. A
request for this service, for which a fee is charged, must be supported by an appropriate judicial
authorization (subpoena or court order).
10.2 Search Criteria
The “Calls to Destination” search request may be focused on any domestic or international
telephone number. This “destination number” need not be associated with a VoiceStream
subscriber. However, the number provided by the investigating agency must be complete.
Domestic numbers, conforming to the North Am erican Numbering Plan, must include the full ten
digits. Searches based on an international number require the complete country and city codes.
Variations of a “destination number,” if needed, must be specified within the judicial authorization
and will be searched individually.
Examples:

Domestic destination number:
(212) 555-3923
International destination number: 011-49-30-872324
Variation of domestic number:
(212) 555-3291, 3292 or 3293 (3 searches)

10.3 Search Results
The destination number is searched against all the individual call records processed within the
VoiceStream network during the previous thirty (30) days. The thirty-day parameter is a fixed value
that cannot be modified. Only outbound calls are included in the report. For each “hit,” the following
information will be provided:
•
•
•
•
•

Calling Party’s MSISDN (telephone number)
Calling Party’s IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity number)
Date and time that call started
Call Duration (in seconds)
Number called (the “destination” number)

If the MSISDN/IMSI is that of a VoiceStream account, and if authorized by the subpoena or court
order, the pertinent subscriber identification information will also be provided.

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10.4 Suggested Verbiage for Subpoena or Court Order
It is critical that the applicable subpoena or judicial writ contain language that clearly identifies the
information being sought. The document must specify the destination number and, if needed,
specify that subscriber information be provided for each VoiceStream subscriber disclosed by the
search.
Examples:
“…perform a “Calls to Destination” search, identifying any and all outbound/originating
calls made to [insert destination number] which were processed by the VoiceStream
network during the thirty (30) days preceding such search. “
“…(1) Perform a “Calls to Destination” search, identifying any and all
outbound/originating calls made to [insert destination number] which were processed by
the VoiceStream network during the thirty (30) days preceding such search. (2) For
each VoiceStream MSISDN/IMSI identified as the originator of such a call, supply
subscriber identification information applicable at the time the outbound/originating call
was placed.”

10.5 Fee Schedule
The fee for each number searched is $100.00, irrespective of the results of the search. This
amount minimally reflects the cost of the application software, infrastructure, personnel and other
expenses associated with this feature. The requesting agency is expected to provide necessary
billing and “accounts payable” contact information before the search is conducted. Invoices are
generated shortly after the results are provided and are payable at net, 30 days from the date of
the invoice. The availability of subpoena-based “Calls to Destination” searches may be denied to
an agency which is delinquent in their payment(s) for law enforcement support services. Please
note the sample “Billing Information Form” on the following page.
10.6 Limitations
Individual call detail records, on which a “Calls to Destination” search is based, are generated by
the hundreds of thousands. Because they are so voluminous this type of search is extremely
resource intensive and must be conducted during off-peak service periods. Raw data files which
have aged more than thirty (30) days are unavailable for searching.
VoiceStream reserves the right to reject any “Calls to Destination” search that, by it’s nature or
scope, would place an unreasonable demand on our processing systems or in anyway jeopardize
the efficiency of our telecommunications network.

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QUICK
FACTS

Nokia 5190

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Nokia 6190

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10.7Sample Billing Information Form

BILLING INFORMATION
“CALLS TO DESTINATION” SEARCH SERVICES
VS LER File No.

2001-

Agency Reference No.

Agency Name:
Unit/Section:
Billing Address:

City/State/Zip:
Billing Contact
Person:
Telephone:

Fax:

I have received a copy of the VoiceStream Fee Schedule for “Calls to Destination
Searches” and acknowledge the charge(s) of $100.00 per target number searched.
Signature:
Printed Name:

Title:

Date:

This completed form, along with any tax exempt certificate, agency voucher, claim and/or other required
billing material should be promptly returned to the Law Enforcement Relations Group.
Note: Calls to Destination Searches will not be conducted until this completed form has been
returned. Forms may be transmitted via fax: (973) 872-5729.

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11.0 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
11.1 Subscriber Records
What subscriber search capabilities does VoiceStream have?
The most common search is based on a VoiceStream mobile telephone number. We can
also search by subscriber or company name, account number, SIM serial number, or IMSI.
Can you search by the general or specific address of a subscriber?
No; address searching is not available at the present time.
11.2 Call Detail Records
Do VoiceStream call detail records identify the location of the handset when a wireless
call was made or received?
No. Call detail records reflect date, time and duration information and, for outgoing calls,
the called number. Information identifying the location of the handset or the base station is
not a factor in the computation of charges and is not included in bill images or on-line call
detail reports.
Will call detail records include the number of the person calling a VoiceStream
subscriber?
Not always. Out of cycle call detail records obtained through the FraudBuster system
show incoming caller ID. These records are limited to thirty (30) days prior to the date of
search. Normal call detail, or bill images, do not show incoming caller ID. Calling party
identification is included, whenever available, on pen register reports.
On a VoiceStream “On-Line Call Detail Inquiry” report there’s an “ORIG“ column. Is this a
cell site or sector identifier?
Neither. This generic report format is the product of our billing contractor. The “ORIG” has
no significance.
For how long a period does VoiceStream retain call detail records?
On-line access to call detail records is limited to the last six (3) completed billing cycles three months. Retrieval of older records is still possible but a significantly longer
processing time is required. VoiceStream has agreed to retain subscriber and call detail
records for a period of two (2) years past date of activity.
11.3 Handsets
We recovered a VoiceStream handset. Can we determine the phone number?
If the handset is fully operational we suggest you call another phone equipped with “Caller
ID” services (i.e. another VoiceStream handset). The mobile number will be displayed on
the “CallerID” screen, unless the “Block All Caller ID” feature has been enabled.

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We recovered a handset equipped with a VoiceStream SIM card, but the phone
doesn’t work. How can we get more information?
VoiceStream can perform a subscriber record search based on the serial number
printed on the SIM card. If no authorization is available we will, on request, attempt
to contact the subscriber most recently associated with the SIM card and ask them
to contact you. A subpoena or court order may be required.
We recovered a VoiceStream handset that has no SIM card. How can we get more
information?
Every GSM handset has a unique serial number, known as an International Mobile
Equipment Identity (IMEI) number. VoiceStream can perform a search based on the
IMEI to determine the IMSI that was originally installed in the handset. If this search
is successful, the original VoiceStream subscriber may be identifiable. A subpoena
or court order may be required.
We recovered a SIM-less handset that bears the logo of another carrier. We have
the IMEI. Can you help?
No. Our database includes records of IMEIs associated with VoiceStream
subscribers only.
We recovered a handset with the SIM card intact. What information might we be
able to retrieve?
Depending upon the make and model, it is likely that you may be able to identify the
source telephone of recently “missed” or unanswered calls, short text messages
that have not been deleted, and the “speed dial” numbers that have been userprogrammed and stored in memory on the SIM card.
11.4 Prepay Subscribers
What are the roaming limitations on prepay subscribers?
Currently, prepay subscribers are not permitted to roam outside of the
VoiceStream network.
How can a prepay subscriber make a payment to his account?
Prepay Coupons may be redeemed and credited to a subscriber account at any
time of the day or night. Payments are also accepted at VoiceStream Centers and
at Western Union facilities. A credit card payment may also be made by calling the
VoiceStream Customer Care Center but the credit card account must match the
VoiceStream subscriber account.
11.5 “Hotlines”
Can VoiceStream flag an account to prevent it from being hotlined?
No. Hotlines are automatically applied by the system, most often when prepay
funds have been depleted. The only way to prevent this action is to ensure that
funds are not exhausted. Prepay coupons may be used for this purpose.

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Can VoiceStream flag a hotlined account and alert an agency when the account is
returned to service?
No. Services are automatically restored (within two to three hours) when funds are
“deposited” into the account of a hotlined prepay customer. There is no “alerting” feature
available.
11.6 Voicemail
Our agency recovered a VoiceStream handset. There is an indication that there are
voicemail messages waiting to be retrieved. How can we recover those messages?
Voicemail falls under the category of “stored electronic communications.” Access to such
information requires the presentation of an appropriate court order.
Can there be more than one phone number associated with a single IMSI?
VoiceStream does not offer this option at the present time. However, some GSM networks
are deploying multi-line features.
11.7 Roaming
If we are conducting a court-authorized pen register or intercept operation on a
VoiceStream subscriber, what will happen if the target “roams” into another portion of the
VoiceStream network?
Pen register and intercept operations require special programming on a switch-by-switch
basis. These switches serve defined geographical areas. Therefore, if the subscriber is in
an area served by a VoiceStream switch that has not been programmed, no data or
content will be available.
If we are conducting a court-authorized pen register or intercept operation on a
VoiceStream subscriber, what will happen if the target “roams” into the network of
another GSM carrier?
VoiceStream has no access to the content or data associated with a VoiceStream
subscriber who is operating on another GSM network. However, it may be possible to
identify another GSM network in which the targeted subscriber is currently “registered.”
If a federal order names a “home” carrier and “…any other telecommunications service
provider who may support technically compatible services through a roaming agreement,”
it may be possible to initiate the court-ordered activity with the other GSM carrier quite
rapidly.
11.8 Security
Can GSM phones be cloned?
No. Some researchers claim the ability to copy information from a Subscriber Identity
Module (SIM) card, but duplicating a SIM card is not cloning. A GSM network can preclude
the simultaneous use of multiple SIM cards.
Does this mean that a SIM card can be duplicated “over the air?”
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No. To duplicate a SIM card requires physical possession of the card.
Do conversations remain secure?
Absolutely. The tactics used by these researchers do not affect the sophisticated
encryption scheme that protects conversations from eavesdropping.
11.9 Miscellaneous
Does VoiceStream support the “SMART System” used by some wireless carriers?
No.
Can a subscriber block “Caller ID” like wireline service providers?
Yes. A subscriber may block calling party identification on all outgoing calls by
making a request to the Customer Care Center. Blocking of individual calls can be
implemented through a handset function. Note that blocking of “Caller ID” will not
affect pen register operations.
We’re preparing a pen register (or lawful intercept) order for the approval of the
court. How can VoiceStream help?
VoiceStream can assist by reviewing a draft of your efforts in advance, ensuring
that the critical identifying terms are valid and properly applied. For security
reasons, specific target information may be omitted from the draft document.

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12.0 FEES FOR SERVICES
12.1 Authorization
Telecommunications carriers are entitled, under federal and state statutes, to be compensated
for reasonable expenses incurred in providing the “information, facilities and technical assistance”
necessary for pen register or lawful intercept activities. VoiceStream’s fee schedule reflects the
cost of switch application software, infrastructure, personnel and other costs incurred in providing
such services pursuant to court order.
12.2 Pen Register and Pen Register/Intercept Orders
•

A flat fee of $250.00 per switch applies to each International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
number targeted by a Pen Register or Pen Register/Intercept Order. This fee covers the first
thirty (30) day period specified in the original court order.

•

Should the Pen Register or Pen Register/Intercept activity continue beyond thirty (30) days
(under the terms of the original order or any extension thereof), a fee of $50.00 per switch will
apply to each subsequent and continuous period of thirty (30) days or part thereof.

•

Costs associated with any temporary or permanent leased circuits (i.e. ISDN, T1, etc.),
ancillary equipment (i.e. routers) and/or software application(s) are the sole responsibility of
the law enforcement agency administering the court-authorized activity.

12.3 Pen Register/Intercept Orders - Additional Charges
•

Intercept Orders are subject to an additional flat fee of $100.00 per 30 day period, or part
thereof. This charge offsets the cost of call bridging services and delivery of the voice content,
via the public switched telephone network, to an agency’s local monitoring facility.

12.4 Cloning of a Subscriber’s Voicemail
•

A flat fee of $150.00 per voice mailbox applies to the “cloning” of a subscriber’s voicemail
services. The flat fee applies to each period of ninety (90) days or part thereof.

12.5 Calls to Destination
•

A flat fee of $100.00 per destination phone number searched.

12.6 Emergency Responses
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•

Initiating pen register, lawful intercept, or voicemail cloning activities is usually conducted
during VoiceStream’s normal business hours (Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.,
holidays excluded). A 100% surcharge will be applied to any activities which, at the request of
the law enforcement agency, are initiated outside of normal business hours.
Fee Schedule Subject to Change Without Notice

12.7 Billing Practices
The Law Enforcement Relations Group is most cognizant of the sensitive nature of all courtordered pen register and intercept activities. At the commencement of a court-sanctioned
operation, the law enforcement agency will be asked to provide billing account and contact
information for later use.
In order to minimize knowledge of such carrier-supported operations, billing activities are
generated until the pen register or intercept activities have been included. This includes any
court-authorized renewal periods. Further, no target-identifying information, other than an agency
assigned tracking or case number, will appear on the actual invoice.

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13.0 SUPPLEMENTAL REFERENCES
13.1 Publications
An outstanding introductory reference to the Global System for Mobil communications is “GSM Made SIMple,” written by George Lamb and published
by Cordero Consulting, Inc. Specifically designed for the non-engineer, this
text includes chapters on the Building Blocks of GSM, GSM Subsystems,
Customer Setup and Provisioning, Basic Call Processing, Services and
Features, Billing and Future Enhancements. Law enforcement agents will find
a helpful GSM glossary, an international listing of GSM operators, FCC license
block information, frequency listings and other informative reference lists.
Order “GSM Made SIMple” through Tessco (800) 472-7373 - Item #63139, or
directly from the publisher, Cordero Consulting, Inc., at (770) 414-8311

13.2 Internet Websites
There are a number of informative resources available on the Internet. In addition to those listed
below, many GSM carriers, both domestic and international, maintain web pages which identify
their service areas, roaming partners, tariffs and IMSI network codes (MNCs).
www.VoiceStream.com
VoiceStream’s own - come visit!
www.pcia.com
Personal Communications Industry Association
www.gsmworld.com
Information on GSM carriers throughout the world
www.phones.se/systems/gsm/usamap.html
Ericsson - one of VoiceStream’s major equipment vendors
www.nortel.ca/home/home.html
Nortel (Northern Telecom) - one of VoiceStream’s major equipment vendors
www.siemens.com
Siemens - VoiceStreams newest switch vendor

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